Identification Of Markers Research Articles

A Targeted Deep Sequencing Method to Quantify Endogenous Retrovirus Gag Sequence Variants and Open Reading Frames Expressed in Nonobese Diabetic Mice.

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are involved in autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). ERV gene products homologous to murine leukemia retroviruses are expressed in the pancreatic islets of NOD mice, a model of T1D. One ERV gene, Gag, with partial or complete open reading frames (ORFs), is detected in the islets, and it contains many sequence variants. An amplicon deep sequencing analysis was established by targeting a conserved region within the Gag gene to compare NOD with T1D-resistant mice or different ages of prediabetic NOD mice. We observed that the numbers of different Gag variants and ORFs are linked to T1D susceptibility. More importantly, these numbers change during the course of diabetes development and can be quantified to calculate the levels of disease progression. Sequence alignment analysis led to identification of additional markers, including nucleotide mismatching and amino acid consensus at specific positions that can distinguish the early and late stages, before diabetes onset. Therefore, the expression of sequence variants and ORFs of ERV genes, particularly Gag, can be quantified as biomarkers to estimate T1D susceptibility and disease progression.

Field screening and identification of biochemical indices of pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) resistance in chickpea mutants

Chickpea pod borer (CPB) (Helicoverpa armigera) is one of the major pests, causing significant yield losses. The objectives were to screen chickpea mutants for pod borer resistance/tolerance under field conditions and identification of biochemical markers of tolerance. Chickpea mutant CM216-A/15 had highest leaf (25 trichomes/mm2) and stem trichome density (17 trichomes/mm2) with least pod damage at Kallur Kot and highest pod weight per plant (22.8 ± 2.6g) at AZRI. Higher total phenolic contents (TPCs) and antioxidant capacity were detected in tolerant mutants, i.e., CM216-A/15 and CM664/15. TPC was positively associated with pod yield and had negative correlation with pod damage. Mutants CM216-A/15, CM664/15, and CM766/15 depicted the highest resilience to CPB, owing to higher hairiness, better antioxidant defense response, and lower levels of hydrolytic enzymes and sugars. Identified biochemical markers like TPC, total oxidant status, superoxide dismutase, and pigments can be used for screening of CPB-tolerant/resistant mutants.

Dental Anomalies: An Identification Marker in Forensics

Dental Anomalies: An Identification Marker in Forensics

Identification of diffusion, kurtosis, and propagator MRI markers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in post-mortem human tissue

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible degenerative brain disease affecting 6.7 million Americans and while the hallmark AD pathologies of plaques and tangles follow a stereotyped progression during the course of the disease, clinical markers for early diagnosis are lacking and approximately 20% of all AD cases are ultimately misdiagnosed. Conventional clinical MRI is capable of reporting severe brain atrophy, but fails to recognize earlier biomarkers associated with more subtle cellular and molecular changes. Microstructural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques are promising to address this challenge and may sensitively detect and distinguish tissue degeneration, tauopathies, and beta amyloid plaques to improve accuracy of diagnosis and enable early detection. The objective of this study was to identify and compare the most promising microstructural markers of AD pathology over a range of diffusion and relaxometry-based MRI techniques from conventional to advanced. To accomplish this, we performed MRI microscopy of post-mortem human temporal lobe specimens (n = 14) at high resolution and image quality and evaluated the relative influence of metrics across multiple microstructural MRI frameworks using principal component analysis (PCA). We performed additional correlation analysis between metrics identified by PCA and clinical neuropathology scores of Braak stage and plaque and tangle load. Hippocampal diffusion and restriction metrics contributed most to the first principal component, and the correlation with Braak score was positive for diffusivity and negative for restriction metrics. Additionally, the MAP-MRI propagator anisotropy (PA) metric of microscale anisotropy was strongly and negatively correlated with AD pathology while the conventional fractional anisotropy (FA) metric showed little or no correspondence and there was not a strong association between FA and PA by PCA. Entorhinal cortex findings were minimal except for reported increases in restriction due to plaque content. Taken together, our findings suggest that microstructural MRI metrics of restriction and diffusion are most prominent and may reflect degenerative processes in AD brain tissue and that microscale anisotropy may be more advantageous than conventional FA for the detection of subtle and earlier cellular changes in AD.

Exploring the genetic control of sweat gland characteristics in beef cattle for enhanced heat tolerance

BackgroundThermal stress in subtropical regions is a major limiting factor in beef cattle production systems with around $369 million being lost annually due to reduced performance. Heat stress causes numerous physiological and behavioral disturbances including reduced feed intake and decreased production levels. Cattle utilize various physiological mechanisms such as sweating to regulate internal heat. Variation in these traits can help identify genetic variants that control sweat gland properties and subsequently allow for genetic selection of cattle with greater thermotolerance.MethodsThis study used 2,401 Brangus cattle from two commercial ranches in Florida. Precise phenotypes that contribute to an animal’s ability to manage heat stress were calculated from skin biopsies and included sweat gland area, sweat gland depth, and sweat gland length. All animals were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250K, and BLUPF90 software was used to estimate genetic parameters and for Genome Wide Association Study.ResultsSweat gland phenotypes heritability ranged from 0.17 to 0.42 indicating a moderate amount of the phenotypic variation is due to genetics, allowing producers the ability to select for favorable sweat gland properties. A weighted single-step GWAS using sliding 10 kb windows identified multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) explaining a significant amount of genetic variation. QTLs located on BTA7 and BTA12 explained over 1.0% of genetic variance and overlap the ADGRV1 and CCDC168 genes, respectively. The variants identified in this study are implicated in processes related to immune function and cellular proliferation which could be relevant to heat management. Breed of Origin Alleles (BOA) were predicted using local ancestry in admixed populations (LAMP-LD), allowing for identification of markers’ origin from either Brahman or Angus ancestry. A BOA GWAS was performed to identify regions inherited from particular ancestral breeds that might have a significant impact on sweat gland phenotypes.ConclusionsThe results of the BOA GWAS indicate that both Brahman and Angus alleles contribute positively to sweat gland traits, as evidenced by favorable marker effects observed from both genetic backgrounds. Understanding and utilizing genetic traits that confer better heat tolerance is a proactive approach to managing the impacts of climate change on livestock farming.

Identification of diagnostic markers related to inflammatory response and cellular senescence in endometriosis using machine learning and in vitro experiment.

To understand the association between chronic inflammation, cellular senescence, and immunological infiltration in endometriosis. Datasets from GEO comprising 108 endometriosis and 97 healthy human samples and the human endometrial stromal cell. Differentially expressed genes were identified using Limma and WGCNA. Inflammatory response-related subtypes were constructed using consensus clustering analysis. The CIBERSORT algorithm and correlation analyses assessed immune cell infiltration. LASSO, SVM-RFE, and RF identified diagnostic genes. Functional enrichment analysis and multifactor regulatory networks established functional effects. Nomograms, internal and external validations, and in vitro experiments validated the diagnostic genes. Inflammatory response subtypes were highly correlated with the immune activities of B and NK cells. Sixteen genes were associated with inflammatory response and cellular senescence and six diagnostic genes (NLK, RAD51, TIMELESS, TBX3, MET, and BTG3) were identified. The six diagnostic gene models had an area under the curve of 0.828 and their expression was significantly downregulated in endometriosis samples. Low expression of NLK and BTG3 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of endometriotic cells. Inflammatory response subtypes were successfully constructed for endometriosis. Six diagnostic genes related to inflammatory response and cellular senescence were identified and validated. Our study provides novel insights for inflammatory response in endometriosis and markers for endometriosis diagnosis and treatment.

Poor Decision Making and Sociability Impairment Following Central Serotonin Reduction in Inducible TPH2-Knockdown Rats.

Serotonin is an essential neuromodulator for mental health and animals' socio-cognitive abilities. However, we previously found that a constitutive depletion of central serotonin did not impair rat cognitive abilities in stand-alone tests. Here, we investigated how a mild and acute decrease in brain serotonin would affect rats' cognitive abilities. Using a novel rat model of inducible serotonin depletion via the genetic knockdown of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), we achieved a 20% decrease in serotonin levels in the hypothalamus after three weeks of non-invasive oral doxycycline administration. Decision making, cognitive flexibility, and social recognition memory were tested in low-serotonin (Tph2-kd) and control rats. Our results showed that the Tph2-kd rats were more prone to choose disadvantageously in the long term (poor decision making) in the Rat Gambling Task and that only the low-serotonin poor decision makers were more sensitive to probabilistic discounting and had poorer social recognition memory than other low-serotonin and control individuals. Flexibility was unaffected by the acute brain serotonin reduction. Poor social recognition memory was the most central characteristic of the behavioral network of low-serotonin poor decision makers, suggesting a key role of social recognition in the expression of their profile. The acute decrease in brain serotonin appeared to specifically amplify the cognitive impairments of the subgroup of individuals also identified as poor decision makers in the population. This study highlights the great opportunity the Tph2-kd rat model offers to study inter-individual susceptibilities to develop cognitive impairment following mild variations of brain serotonin in otherwise healthy individuals. These transgenic and differential approaches together could be critical for the identification of translational markers and vulnerabilities in the development of mental disorders.

Characterisation and critical processes identification for production of herbal preparations using 1H-NMR and chemometrics: A case study of Trichosanthis Pericarpium injection.

Herbal preparations are extensively utilised for the treatment of diseases in Asian countries. However, the variations in origin, climate, and production processes can lead to inconsistencies in the quality of herbal preparations. Existing quality control methods only target a few components in the finished product but ignore the control in the pharmaceutical process. Therefore, this study intends to develop a comprehensive component analysis method for intermediates in the pharmaceutical process to reveal the change patterns of substances and deepen the process understanding. This study aims to develop a rapid and comprehensive process characterisation and critical process identification method for herbal preparations. Six batches of Trichosanthis Pericarpium injection (TPI) intermediates were collected from the production process. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra were acquired for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the se intermediates. Subsequently, chemometrics were used to identify critical processes and potential chemical markers. A total of 39 components in intermediates were identified, and the transfer of 25 components during the production process was investigated. Column chromatography was determined as the critical process. Nine components were identified as chemical markers. The application of 1H-NMR facilitated a comprehensive reflection of the chemical composition information of process intermediates, enabling investigations into the transfer of multi-component substances and accurate identification of critical processes and chemical markers.

Abstract RF01-03: PARSIFAL-LONG: Extended follow-up of hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer patients treated with fulvestrant and palbociclib vs. letrozole and palbociclib in the PARSIFAL study

Abstract Background: The Phase 2 PARSIFAL study assessed whether fulvestrant (FUL) or letrozole (LET) was the optimal endocrine partner for the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) palbociclib (PAL) in patients (pts) with untreated, endocrine-sensitive, hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC) in the first-line setting. This trial failed to demonstrate an improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) of PAL+FUL over PAL+LET (Llombart-Cussac et al. Jama Oncol 2021). Following progression on CDK4/6i-based regimens in the metastatic setting, the EMERALD study (Bardia et al, SABCS 2022 GS3-01) identified early progressions (< 12 months [mo]) as a strong predictor of resistance to subsequent endocrine therapies. Here, we report updated PFS and overall survival (OS) from PARSIFAL, exploring a PFS <12 mo threshold as a prognostic factor for poor outcomes. Methods: This was an observational, international, multicenter study that included pts from the prospective PARSIFAL study, in which pts were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive PAL (oral 125 mg/day, 28-day cycles; 3 weeks on, 1 week off) plus FUL or LET at conventional doses. The primary objective was to extend the assessment of OS of PARSIFAL study with a longer median follow-up. Secondary objectives included extended PFS, other post-progression efficacy data, and the identification of new prognostic and predictive markers. The design had a planned recruitment of at least 388 pts with 195 deaths. The 2-sided stratified log-rank test (α = 0.05) had a 70% power to detect a hazard ratio ≤0.70 in favor of FUL + PAL arm. Results: A total of 389 pts (80.5%) from the PARSIFAL study were included in this analysis, involving 32 of the 47 original sites. Pts signed a new informed consent form according to local regulations. Demographic and baseline disease characteristics were similar between the PARSIFAL-LONG and the overall PARISFAL intention-to-treat populations. At the time of analysis, after a median follow up of 5.0 years (range, 0.1-7.3), 241 and 213 events were reported for PFS and OS, respectively. No differences in efficacy were observed between treatment arms whether for PFS (hazard ratio, 1.0, p=0.985) or OS (hazard ratio, 0.94, p=0.635). In accordance with the protocol for PARSIFAL-LONG, both arms were combined for subsequent analysis. The median PFS (mPFS) for the first-line PAL-based regimen population was 33.2 mo (95%CI, 27.7-39.5), with a median OS (mOS) of 65.4 mo (95%CI, 57.8-72.0). A total of 86 pts (22.1% of the population) had a mPFS time <12 mo (early progressors). mOS and mPFS for this early progressor subgroup were 24.0 mo (95%CI, 17.3-30.1) and 7.0 mo (95%CI, 5.6-8.3), respectively, and only 11 pts (12.8%) were still alive at the time of analysis. The remaining 303 pts (77.9%) were progression-free on PAL-based regimens at 12 mo (PFS≥12). The number of events for PFS and OS at this time were 165 (54.5%) and 138 (45.5%), respectively. mOS from randomization for the PFS≥12 subgroup was 81.5 mo (95%CI, 70.2-not achieved) and the mPFS was 49.8 mo (95%CI, 40.9-59.8). Following progression on PAL-based regimens, the PFS≥12 criteria was a strong predictor for mOS, with 27.0 vs 18.0 mo (hazard ratio, 0.67, 95%CI, 0.51-0.90, p=0.007) for PFS≥12 and early progressors, respectively. These differences may increase in the future, as 54.5% of pts with PFS≥12 are still alive compared to 12.8% of pts with an early progression. Conclusions: Extended follow-up analysis from PARSIFAL study confirms no major differences between LET or FUL when combined with PAL. mPFS and mOS results are consistent with those reported in other first-line trials involving different CDK4/6i. Progression within the first year of first-line CDK4/6i-based regimen for HR+/HER2- ABC pts may be prognostic of less favorable outcomes. Citation Format: Antonio Llombart-Cussac, José Manuel Pérez-García, Meritxell Bellet- Ezquerra, Florence Dalenc, Miguel Gil-Gil, Manuel Ruíz - Borrego, Joaquín Gavilá, Peter Schmid, Pilar Zamora, Duncan Wheatley, Eduardo Martínez-de Dueñas, Kepa Amillano, Antonio Antón, Paul Cottu, Gemma Viñas, Thierry Petit, Petra Tesarová, Juan Cueva, Marco Colleoni, Maria Purificación Martínez del Prado, Raquel Andrés, Marta Díaz Cabo, Susana Victorino, Miguel Sampayo-Cordero, Javier Cortés. PARSIFAL-LONG: Extended follow-up of hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer patients treated with fulvestrant and palbociclib vs. letrozole and palbociclib in the PARSIFAL study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr RF01-03.

Presence of Trypanosoma cruzi TcI and Trypanosoma dionisii in sylvatic bats from Yucatan, Mexico.

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whose genetic structure is divided into six discrete typing units (DTUs) known as TcI-TcVI. In the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, information regarding the DTUs circulating in wild mammals is scarce, while this is important knowledge for our understanding of T. cruzi transmission dynamics. In the current study, we sampled wild mammals in a sylvatic site of the Yucatan Peninsula and assessed their infection with T. cruzi by PCR. Then, for infected mammals, we amplified and sequenced nuclear and mitochondrial T. cruzi genetic markers for DTU identification. In total, we captured 99 mammals belonging to the orders Chiroptera, Rodentia and Didelphimorphia. The prevalence of infection with T. cruzi was 9% (9/99; 95% CI [5, 16]), and we identified TcI in a Jamaican fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis. Moreover, we fortuitously identified Trypanosoma dionisii in another Jamaican fruit bat and detected an unidentified Trypanosoma species in a third specimen. While the latter discoveries were not expected because we used primers designed for T. cruzi, this study is the first to report the identification of T. dionisii in a bat from Yucatan, Mexico, adding to a recent first report of T. dionisii in bats from Veracruz, and first report of this Trypanosoma species in Mexico. Further research is needed to enhance our knowledge of T. cruzi DTUs and Trypanosoma diversity circulating in wildlife in Southeastern Mexico.

ScX: a user-friendly tool for scRNA-seq exploration

Abstract Motivation Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has transformed our ability to explore biological systems. Nevertheless, proficient expertise is essential for handling and interpreting the data. Results In this paper, we present scX, an R package built on the Shiny framework that streamlines the analysis, exploration, and visualization of single-cell experiments. With an interactive graphic interface, implemented as a web application, scX provides easy access to key scRNAseq analyses, including marker identification, gene expression profiling, and differential gene expression analysis. Additionally, scX seamlessly integrates with commonly used single-cell Seurat and SingleCellExperiment R objects, resulting in efficient processing and visualization of varied datasets. Overall, scX serves as a valuable and user-friendly tool for effortless exploration and sharing of single-cell data, simplifying some of the complexities inherent in scRNAseq analysis. Availability Source code can be downloaded from https://github.com/chernolabs/scX. A docker image is available from dockerhub as chernolabs/scx. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.

Metabolomic pathways in food allergy.

Food allergy (FA) is a widespread issue, affecting as many as 10% of the population. Over the past two to three decades, the prevalence of FA has been on the rise, particularly in industrialized and westernized countries. FA is a complex, multifactorial disease mediated by type 2 immune responses and involving environmental and genetic factors. However, the precise mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Metabolomics has the potential to identify disease endotypes, which could beneficially promote personalized prevention and treatment. A metabolome approach would facilitate the identification of surrogate metabolite markers reflecting the disease activity and prognosis. Here, we present a literature overview of recent metabolomic studies conducted on children with FA.

Identification of State Markers in Anorexia Nervosa: Replication and Extension of Inflammation Associated Biomarkers Using Multiplex Profiling

BackgroundProteomics offers potential for detecting and monitoring anorexia nervosa (AN) and its variant, atypical-AN (atyp-AN). However, research has been limited by small protein panels, focus on adult AN, and lack of replication. MethodsThis study performed Olink Multiplex profiling of 92 inflammation-related proteins in females with AN/atyp-AN (N = 64), all < 90% of expected body weight, and age-matched healthy controls (HC; N=44). ResultsFive proteins differed significantly in the primary AN/atyp-AN group relative to HC group (lower levels: HGF, IL-18R1, TRANCE; higher levels: CCL23, LIF-R). The expression levels of three proteins (lower IL-18R1, TRANCE; higher LIF-R) were uniquely disrupted in females with AN in our primary model. No unique expression levels emerged for atyp-AN. Across the whole sample, twelve proteins correlated positively with body mass index (ADA, CD5, CD6, CXCL1, FGF-21, HGF, IL-12B, IL18, IL-18R1, SIRT2, TNFSF14, TRANCE) and five (CCL11, FGF-19, IL8, LIF-R, OPG) were negatively correlated with body mass index in our primary models. ConclusionsOur results replicate the prior study demonstrating a dysregulated inflammatory status in AN, and extend these results to atyp-AN. Of the 17 proteins correlated with body mass index, 11 were replicated from a prior study using similar methods, highlighting the promise of inflammatory protein expression levels as biomarkers of AN disease monitoring. Our findings underscore the complexity of AN and atyp-AN by highlighting the inability of the identified proteins to differentiate between these two subtypes, emphasizing the heterogeneous nature of these disorders.

The molecular basis of scale development highlighted by a single-cell atlas of Bicyclus anynana butterfly pupal forewings

Butterfly wings display a diversity of cell types, including large polyploid scale cells, yet the molecular basis of such diversity is poorly understood. To explore scale cell diversity at a transcriptomic level, we employ single-cell RNA sequencing of ∼5,200 large cells (>6μm) from 22.5- to 25-h male pupal forewings of the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Using unsupervised clustering, followed by in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and CRISPR-Cas9 editing of candidate genes, we annotate various cell types on the wing. We identify genes marking non-innervated scale cells, pheromone-producing glandular cells, and innervated sensory cell types. We show that senseless, a zinc-finger transcription factor, and HR38, a hormone receptor, determine the identity, size, and color of different scale cell types and are important regulators of scale cell differentiation. This dataset and the identification of various wing cell-type markers provide a foundation to compare and explore scale cell-type diversification across arthropod species.

Identification of Markers of Saccharides in Polygonati Rhizoma During the Steaming Process by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Imaging

Identification of Markers of Saccharides in Polygonati Rhizoma During the Steaming Process by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Imaging

The Evolving Classification of Meningiomas: Integration of Molecular Discoveries to Inform Patient Care.

Meningioma classification and treatment have evolved over the past eight decades. Since Bailey, Cushing, and Eisenhart's description of meningiomas in the 1920s and 1930s, there have been continual advances in clinical stratification by histopathology, radiography and, most recently, molecular profiling, to improve prognostication and predict response to therapy. Precise and accurate classification is essential to optimizing management for patients with meningioma, which involves surveillance imaging, surgery, primary or adjuvant radiotherapy, and consideration for clinical trials. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) grade, extent of resection (EOR), and patient characteristics are used to guide management. While these have demonstrated reliability, a substantial number of seemingly benign lesions recur, suggesting opportunities for improvement of risk stratification. Furthermore, the role of adjuvant radiotherapy for grade 1 and 2 meningioma remains controversial. Over the last decade, numerous studies investigating the molecular drivers of clinical aggressiveness have been reported, with the identification of molecular markers that carry clinical implications as well as biomarkers of radiotherapy response. Here, we review the historical context of current practices, highlight recent molecular discoveries, and discuss the challenges of translating these findings into clinical practice.

Optimizing Bangkaew dog breed identification using DNA technology.

The Bangkaew dog is an indigenous dog breed in the Phitsanulok province of Thailand. This breed is recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), a global canine organization. The unique traits of the Bangkaew breed lead to purebred selection for breeding, while only their traits and pedigree from parental history are recorded. Determination of the risk of inbreeding depression and the origin of unknown DNA profiles is essential due to the challenges in predicting puppy characteristics, which are crucial for breed management and conservation. This study aimed to emphasize that current allelic frequency data for the Bangkaew dog breed must be considered for precise individual identification. Approximately 82 Bangkaew dogs from various Thai localities were studied using 15 microsatellite markers for genotypic monitoring and individual identification. Maternal genetic inheritance was assessed via mtDNA D-loop analysis. The results revealed high genetic diversity in the Bangkaew breed, indicating low potential for inbreeding. We also found that using a 15 loci microsatellite panel was effective for the identification of Bangkaew dogs. The optimized 10 loci microsatellite genotyping panel developed in this study presents improved identification testing efficiency, promoting both time- and cost-effectiveness. Analysis of microsatellite DNA markers in Bangkaew dogs using an optimized panel of 10 loci selected from 15 loci effectively facilitated individual identification. This approach not only enhances time and cost efficiency, but also provides accurate allelic frequency estimates, which are crucial for the realistic evaluation of DNA evidence.

Changes of Serum Midkine as a Dynamic Prognostic Factor in Detection for Thyroid Cancer and Comparison with Fine-Needle Aspiration

Background: Midkine plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of malignant and other diseases since it is involved in a number of physiological processes, including development, reproduction, and repair. Different types of cells express this protein. Thus, in healthy conditions, significant MDK expression is observed in lymphocytes, the epidermis, and the bronchial epithelium. The sample obtained during fine needle aspiration can help in the diagnosis of or rule out disorders like cancer. Blood is the most practical and least likely bodily fluid to pollute while diagnosing illnesses. Finding successful prognostic markers in patients with well-defined thyroid cancer was the goal of the current investigation.Methods: Midkine level was measured in serum samples by using Elisa technique for 80 patients (40 patient was diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma and another 40 with benign thyroid goiter), Age (25-55) from Iraqis people.Results: The current study revealed highly significant difference the median serum level of medkine in the TC patients was much higher than that of BTT patients with a highly significant difference The sensitivity and specificity of the test at cut off value of medkine=129 pg/ml were 90% for both. While FNA result, the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was 80.77% and 89.66% respectively.Conclusions: The thyroid cancer group's serum MDK result was noticeably higher than that of the healthy control groups. proposed that the midkine might serve as a biochemical marker for thyroid cancer early identification and diagnosis.Keywords: Thyroid cancer; Papillary thyroid carcinoma; Midkine; ELISA; FNA

Analysis of Seismic Response Characteristics of Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs Based on Physical Model (Tarim Basin)

Anomalous bright spots, called the string of bead-like response, are typical seismic migration profile features in carbonate fractured reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, and they are indicators of high-quality oil and gas reservoirs. Correctly recognizing the correspondence between fractures and the SBLR can contribute to the efficient drilling of target carbonate fractured reservoirs. Physical models can describe fractured reservoirs more directly and efficiently than real situations and have obvious advantages in accurately and quantitatively designing parameters such as dipping angles and the number of layers of fractured reservoirs. Under such a background, according to the real tectonic characteristics of the Tarim Basin, among the main hydrocarbon reservoirs, fractured reservoirs with various parameters were designed and a physical model was constructed according to the real stratigraphic parameters. After seismic data acquisition and processing, the response characteristics of the string of bead-like response were extracted and summarized from seismic migration profiles for all fractured reservoirs, which provided targeted analyses and discussions on the fracture dipping angle, number of fracture layers, overlying stratigraphic influences, and planar attributes of the fractured reservoirs. In general, the larger the fracture dip, the more difficult it is to identify, while the slope of reflection strength and maximum absolute amplitude attributes can be important markers for fractured reservoir identification. The physical modeling study of fractured reservoirs in this paper can provide a basis for the analysis and prediction of carbonate fractured reservoirs in the Tarim Basin.

Assessment of genetic markers associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants in the structure of a prognostic model of its development

Introduction. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex disease with a significant genetic predisposition. The aim of the study was to determine genetic markers associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. &#x0D; Materials and methods. At Stage 1, whole exome sequencing followed by the bioinformatic analysis of one hundred samples was provided to evaluate the genetic variants. Sequencing data were compared with the data of the children without any congenital pulmonary diseases. At Stage 2, the obtained results were validated using real-time PCR. Further the genotyping of the control group (n = 70) was performed. The obtained frequencies of nucleotide variants were compared between the groups, as well as with general population data using the RUSeq database. &#x0D; Results. The prevalence of genetic variant rs12489516 in gene CPA3 was significantly higher in the control group of premature infants (p = 0.03; OR = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.02–0.94). Its presence in the genotype reduces the likelihood of developing BPD by 4.76 times. Moreover, statistically significant differences were also identified in the prevalence of rs45488997 in gene CCN2 (p = 0.023). This genetic variant was specific only for children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. It was also identified that the prevalence of the nucleotide variant rs45488997 in the CCN2 gene was statistically more common among patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with the general population (p = 0.005). In addition, genetic variants rs5744174 in gene TLR5 and rs2476601 in gene PTPN22 were less frequently observed in the investigated group compared to the general population (p = 0.03 and p = 0.003, respectively). &#x0D; Conclusion. Identification of genetic markers together with clinical and laboratory data will contribute to the development of an effective predictive model for the calculation of the probability of BPD.